As early as 841, a Viking fleet appeared at the mouth of the Seine, the principal route by which they entered the kingdom. Vikings started to raid the Seine valley during the middle of the 9th century. As early as 487, the area between the River Somme and the River Loire came under the control of the Frankish lord Clovis.
In 406, Germanic tribes began invading from the east, while the Saxons subjugated the Norman coast. Christianity also began to enter the area during this period.
Coastal settlements were raided by Saxon pirates. In the late 3rd century AD, barbarian raids devastated Normandy. Classicists mention many Gallo-Roman villas in Normandy. The Romanisation of Normandy was achieved by the usual methods: Roman roads and a policy of urbanisation. When Julius Caesar invaded Gaul (58–50 BC), there were nine different Celtic tribes living in Normandy. For almost 150 years following the Norman conquest of England in 1066, Normandy and England were linked by having the same person reign as both Duke of Normandy and King of England.īayeux Tapestry (Scene 23): Harold II swearing oath on holy relics to William the Conqueror Prehistory Īrchaeological finds, such as cave paintings, prove that humans were present in the region in prehistoric times.Ĭelts (also known as Belgae and Gauls) invaded Normandy in successive waves from the 4th to the 3rd century BC. Normandy's name comes from the settlement of the territory by Vikings (" Northmen") starting in the 9th century, and confirmed by treaty in the 10th century between King Charles III of France and the Viking jarl Rollo. The Channel Islands (French: Îles Anglo-Normandes) are also historically part of Normandy they cover 194 square kilometres (75 sq mi) and comprise two bailiwicks: Guernsey and Jersey, which are British Crown Dependencies. The cultural region of Normandy is roughly similar to the historical Duchy of Normandy, which includes small areas now part of the departments of Mayenne and Sarthe. Large settlements include Rouen, Le Havre and Cherbourg. The inhabitants of Normandy are known as Normans, and the region is the historic homeland of the Norman language. Normandy comprises mainland Normandy (a part of France) and the Channel Islands (mostly the British Crown Dependencies). Normandy ( / ˈ n ɔːr m ə n d i/ French: Normandie ( listen) Norman: Normaundie from Old French Normanz, plural of Normant, originally from the word for "northman" in several Scandinavian languages) is a geographical and cultural region in Northwestern Europe, roughly coextensive with the historical Duchy of Normandy.
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